Diving apparatus.



No 725,809. PATENTED AUG. 11, I903.

E. B. PBTRIE & J. E. MARTIN.

DIVING APPARATUS.

I APPLIOATION FILED OUT. 1, 1902.

N0 MODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES: INVENTORS PATENTED AUG. 11, 1903.. B B. PE'I'RIE &J. E.MARTIN.

DIVING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED 0011, 1902.

N0 MODEL.

WITNESSES:

ATTORNEY L; l l l Nb. tam.

UNITED STATES Fatented August 11, 1908.

PATENT OFFICE.

ENOS B. PETRIE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., AND JOSEPH E. MARTIN, OF NEWARK, NEWJERSEY, ASSIGNORS TO PETRIE DEEP SEA DIVING COMPANY, OF NEWARK, NEWJERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

DIVING- APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent N 0. 735,809, dated August11, 1903.

Applicctionfiled October 1,1902.

To all whom, it may concern; I

Be it known that we, ENOS B. PETR'IE, of New York, Kings county, NewYork, and JOSEPH E. MARTIN, of Newark, Essex county, New Jersey, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Diving Apparatus, ofwhich the following is a'full, clear, and

exact description.

- Our apparatus embodies a device to be used as a diving-suit incasing ahuman body and conforming thereto in outline approximately and having atthe places coinciding with the movable parts or joints of the bodyarticulated junctures of the parts of the apparatus.

Our invention is also'designed to present a diving-suit capable ofwithstanding severe pressure, at the same time allowing enough room forthe free action of the body, which,

coupled with the aforesaid articulated joints, allows great freedom ofaction to the diver, and therefore facilitates the working at depths notattained in the diving-suits as now constructed.

Another feature of our device that we desire to emphasize is theconstruction that embodies great strength and stability with a minimumamount of metal.

With these ends in view our invention con- 0 sists of certain featuresof construction and combinations of parts, which will be hereinafterdescribed and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part ofthis specification,

5 in which similar letters and figures of. reference refer to similarparts throughout the several views.

Figure l is a half elevation and half central vertical section of theimproved diving 4o apparatus, and Fig. 2 is a side elevation of it. Fig.3 is a sectional View of a portion of one of the articulated joints;andFigs. 4 and 5 are sections on lines 4 4 and 5 5, respectively,

- of the same. 1 Fig. 6 is a section of a modified form of thebearingsof a joint, and Fig. 7 is section on line 7 7 in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is acentral vertical section, and Fig. 9 an elevation, of still anothermodification of the construction of one of the joints. Figs. 10 and 11are Serial No. 125,514. (No model.)

a face view and a part vertical section of one form of spanner-ring andjoint for securing a shoulder-joint to the body of the apparatus.

A cylindrical casing 10, formed to embrace, withthe transversecylindrical portion 14, the trunk of the body, has another transversesemicylinder 15, on the top of which is a flange 16, on which sets thepart 11, having a flange 11 which can be clamped or secured in any usualor Well-known manner to the flange 1b. integral with the head portion12, having the lights 13 placed, as usual, on the fronts and sidesthereof.

Fitting into the two semicylinders 15 and 11 on either side are twocylinders 17, forming shells for the reception of an inner cylinder 18,which forms on its ends bearings for the balls 21, which are furtherincased by the internal ring 20 and the cap 19, which has thestrengthening-ribs 19 and which screws on the end, screwing over theshells 17 and providing a water-tight joint. The inner ends of thecylinders 18 form, as stated before, bearings on one side of the balls23, and an internal ring 22 on the other side likewise pro- 7 5 vides anopening for the shoulder of the diver. The cylinder 18 is formed on itslower side with an inwardly-projecting tubular portion 24, into which isscrewed the tubular part 25, which terminatesin' the cylinder 27. Thiscylinder 27 receives in turn a cylinder 28, adapted to revolve therein.These cylinders have the cut-away portions 31 and 32, which allow theirrotation without interfering with the arm of the occupant. On eitherside of the cylinders and screwing over the outside one are the endplates 29, which have the ribs 29 for strengthening purposes. The balls30 form the bearing for the easy rotation, and the construction is thesame as the ends of. o the shoulder-joints as far as the bearings forthe balls are concerned. Fitting into the inner cylinder 28 is themitten-body 33 to receive the forearm and having a stuffing-box 34 onthe end through which slides the shaft 35 of the hook 36, having on theend a handle 37 to manipulate it. On the ends of the transverse cylinderportion 14 of the trunk part This part 11 is'surrounded and 60 are theend plates 38, with the customary stiffening-ribs 38 screwing thereonover the the flange 39, holding between the flange and the-plate therings 40 and 41 to receive the balls 42, and in the part of theapparatus coinciding with the crotch a central rib 42 is placed, whichacts to support the inner ends of the rings 40, which of course actindependently of one another. These rings 40 have comparatively shortcircular projections 43, and the upper leg portions 44 each fit into oneand then into the ring 45. Each ring 45 forms asupport for theknee-joints and has on either end a cap-piece 46, and in this joint is acylinder 47, the ends of which receive the balls 48, the internal ring4%) completing the bearing. In the projection is secured a sleeve 51,projecting down and terminating in a flange 52, this being arranged,preferably, as shown, at an angle, the reason thereof being describedhereinafter, and the flange coincides with the flange 53 of the part 54,the part 54 being adapted to receive the foot. The outer shells of allthese articulated joints are of course cut away enough to allow of thefree movement of the projections of the inner shell and are of such alength as to provide stops for the movement.

The bearings of the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee joints are shown moreespecially in Figs. 3, 4, and 5; but we have lettered these views tocoincide with the shoulder-joint, in which the cylinder and the cap 19inclose the ball-bearings, which consist, as stated before, of theinternal rings 20. The hard steel or similar strips 20" and 18 may beinserted to diminish the wear on the parts. Another novel feature ofthis construction is a relieving of the ball-race, where the friction orpressure is practically m'Z, by cutting away the strip 20, as in Fig. 4,to provide a clearance a, which of course allows the balls to movefreely without any friction. Another way is to cut away or enlarge theopening in the direction toward the center of the outer edge of the ring20, which relieves the balls, as at I). (See Figs. 3 and 5.)

A joint applicable to all the. parts, but particularly adapted to thatportion between the hip-joints, is shown in Figs. 6 and 7, where theballs work through a raceway 55 in the sector 57 when they are engagedin taking up the wear and are returned through a way 56, which is largerthan the diameter of the balls, and consequently relieves the wear. Asstated, this is to be used mostly in the crotch, where a completecircular construc- ,a part 61, having a projecting boss 62.

tion of joint that differs from the others in that the outer shell movesover the inner, and the inner shell 58 is integral with the end plate59, which is screwed to one another, 60, of the joint and is provided inthe center with Over this boss fits a bearing 63 on the end of an arm64, which incases the rollers 65, and a thimble 66 fits over the end ofthe boss 62 to inclose the rollers. A screw 67 can be used to secure thethimble on the boss 62. The lower end of the arm 64 rests on a screw 68,which. is adjustable through an ear 69 on the other member of the joint70. In this way a fine adjustment between the two cylinders is secured,and a screw 71, working in a slot 72, clamps the parts in their adjustedpositions. A packing 73 can be inserted between the two shells toprovide a tight joint.

In all the joints at the upper ends of the elements 25, 33, 44, and 51we provide a watertight fitting similar in all the cases to theconstruction shown in Fig. 4, where the portions 24 and 25 are fittedwith shoulders 24 and 25, respectively, and an abutment 25 is formed tofit into the portion 24, which, 1 with the screw-threaded portionandshoulders, forms a joint that is water-tight.

In Figs. 10 and 11 we show the preferred 1 form of fastening theshoulder-joint to the main body portion. The outer cylinder 17 fitsagainst the flange 11 and is held from turning by the pins 17 and isprovided with the ears 17 The spanner-ring 26 has a number of cut-awayportions 26, which when the spanner-ring is screwed up tight are soarranged to hold the cylinder 17 rigid. When it is desired to disengagethe cylinder 17, the ring 26 is turned, and the pins hold the cylinderfast, and when the openings 26 register with the ears 17" the withdrawalis easy. The fastening of the same is accomplished with as muchdespatch, and an eighth-turn of 1 ID the spanner-ring is all that isnecessary to lock the parts.

Presuming the diver desires to enter the suit, the chest part 11, withits head-piece, the arm portions, and the foot parts are removed. Itthen becomes an easy matter for the diver to occupy the leg and trunkportions. Then a foot part 54 can be slid over each foot, this beingmade easier by the oblique or slanting arrangement in the opening of thetop thereof, and the flanges 52 and 53, connecting these lower legportions, can be bolted or suitably fastened together. The chest part 11is now placed over the head,;. and the fastening of the flanges 16and 11by any suitable means makes this part complete. The arms of the diverare now passed into their respective arm portions, and the sleeves 17fit over and abut against the internal flanges 11 of the chest portion11, and when thus seated a spanner-ring 26, preferably screw-threaded onits outer periphery, is screwed into the parts 11 and 15 to hold thesearm portions solid and also provide an absolutely tight joint.

We have thus demonstrated the ease and facility with which this suit canbe put on, and with the joints made as shown the utmost freedom ofaction is possible for the occupant and he is at the same time relievedof all outward pressure.

The usual air inlets and outlets may be provided as is customary in alldiving-suits.

Having thus described ourinvention, what we claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A diving apparatus, comprising an upright cylindrical body portion, atransverse cylindrical portion, leg portions depending from saidtransverse cylindrical portion and having knee-joints, a semicylindricaltransverse portion on the upper end of the upright cylindrical part, acorresponding semicylindrical chest portion fitting thereon, andprovided with a head portion, and cylindrical shoulder-casings fittinginto said semicylindrical parts to form shouldenjoints, and havingdepending therefrom arm portions, said arm portions being provided withelbowjoints.

2. A diving apparatus, comprising an upright cylindrical body portion, atransverse cylindrical portion, leg portions depending from saidtransverse cylindrical portion and having knee-joints, foot portionsadapted to be fitted to the end of the leg portions between the knee andthe ankle, a semicylindrical transverse portion on the upper end of theupright cylindrical part, a corresponding semicylindrical chest portionfitting thereon, and provided with a head portion, and cylindricalshoulder-casings fitting into said semicylindrical parts to formshoulder-joints, and having depending therefrom arm portions, said armportions being provided with elbowjoints.

3. A diving apparatus comprising an upright cylindrical portion, atransverse cylindrical portion providing bearings for the hipjoints, legportions depending therefrom having knee-joints and provided on the endwith foot portions detachably secured thereto, a transversesemicylindrical portion on the upper end of the upright cylindricalportion, a corresponding semicylindrical portion fitting thereon andprovided with a head portion, cylindrical shoulder-casings fitting intosaid semicylindrical transverse portions, arm

- portions depending from the shoulder-casings, said arm portions beingprovided with elbow-joints; all the joints being cylindrical and havingend plates thereon.

4. A diving apparatus comprising an upright cylindrical portion, atransverse cylinthereon and provided with a head portion,

cylindrical shoulder-casings fitting into said semicylindricaltransverse portions, arm portions depending from the shoulder-casings,said arm portions being provided with elbowjoints, all the joints beingcylindrical and having end plates thereon, said end plates having aconcavity and provided with external strengthening-ribs.

5. A diving apparatus comprising an upright cylindrical portion having alower trans verse cylindrical portion and an upper transversesemicylindrical portion, the transverse cylindrical portion acting as abearing for the leg portions, and a semicylindrical chest portionfitting over the semicylindrical portion of the main part, saidsemicylindrical portions receiving the shoulder parts with the armportions.

6. A diving apparatus comprising an upright cylindrical portion having alower transverse cylindrical portion providiug bearings for thehip-joints of the apparatus, leg portions depending therefrom and havingcylindrical knee-joints, foot portions detachably secured to the legportions the foot and leg portions having oblique joints,semicylindrical transverse sections on the upper end of the uprightcylindrical portion, a corresponding semicylindrical portion fittingthereon and adapted to be secured thereto and having a head portion,said semicylindrical portionsreceivingthecylindricalshoulder-joints, andthe shoulder-joints supporting the arm portions, the arm portions inturn having cylindrical elbow-joints and mitten-sections thereon.

7. In a diving apparatus, the joint comprising outer and innercylindrical shells turning in relation to each other, the outer shellbeing slotted, an end plate forming a closure for the ends of bothshells, and projecting members attached to the shells, the member on theinnershell projecting through the slot in the outer shell.

8. In a diving apparatus, the joint comprising outer and innercylindrical ,shells turning one within the other, the outer shell beingslotted, an end plate forming the end closure for both shells, saidplate having a central concave portion provided with strengthening-ribsand projecting members attached to the shells, the memberon the innershell extending through the slot of the outer shell.

9. In a diving apparatus, the joint comprising outer and innercylindrical shells turning one within the other, the outer shell beingslotted, end plates forming end closures for both shells, an internalring fitted to the end plates and forming between itself and the innershell a race for bearing-balls, and oppositely-projecting members on thetwo shells, the member on the inner shell extending through the slot inthe outer shell.

10. In a diving apparatus, the joint comprising outer and innercylindrical shells arranged one within the other and turning in relationto each other, the outer shell being slotted circumferentially,projecting members on the two shells, the member of the inner shellprojecting through the slot in the outer shell, end plates forming theclosures for both shells, and an internal ring fitted to the plates andforming a ball-race between itself and the inner shell, the ball-racebeing relieved during a portion of its course to provide a free movementfor the bearing-balls.

11. In a diving apparatus, a joint comprising a fixed member, a movablemember, an inner ring arranged between the two aforesaid elements, aball-race between the inner ring and the movable portion, and areturnrace of larger diameter than the diameter of the balls.

12. In a diving apparatus, a joint comprising an outer cylindricalshell, an inner cylindrical shell, end plates on the inner shell havinga central boss, an arm extending from the outer shell having a ring onthe end embracing the boss, rollers or balls between the boss and thering, a screw in a lip bearing against the end of the arm to adjust it,and a clamping-screw to fasten the arm in its adjusted position, therebyadjusting the cylinders.

13. A diving apparatus, comprising a body portion, hip-joints with legportions depending therefrom, a semicylindrical portion at the top ofthe body portion, a semicylindrical chest portion fitting over thesemicylindrical part of the body portion, cylindrical shoulder-jointswith arm portions depending therefrom, said shoulder-joints fittingagainst said semicylindrical portions, and spanner-rings to detachablysecure said shoulder-joints in position.

14. A diving apparatus, comprising a body portion, hip-joints with legportions depending therefrom, a semicylindrical portion at the top ofthe body portion, a semicylindrical chest portion fitting over thesemicylindrical part of the body portion, spanner-rings in saidsemicylindrical portions having central openings and cut-away portionson the inner edges, cylindrical shoulder-joints with arm portionsdepending therefrom, wings on said shoulder-joints adapted to registerwith the openings in the spanner-rings when the span ner-rings arepartly rotated, to permit the removal of the shoulder-joints.

15. A diving apparatus, comprising a body portion, hip-joints with legportions depending therefrom, a semicylindrical portion at the top ofthe body portion, a semicylindrical chest portion fitting over thesemicylindrical portions having central openings and cutaway portions onthe inner edges, cylindrical shoulder-joints with arm portions dependingtherefrom, wings on said shoulder joints adapted to register with theopenings in the spanner-rings when the spanner-rings are partly rotated,to permit the removal of the shoulder-joints, and means to prevent therotation of the shoulder-joints in the semicylindrical portion.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ENOS B. PETRIE.

, JOSEPH E. MARTIN.

Witnesses:

W. B. HUTCHINSON, J. G. DUNBAR.

